On a 1080p timeline I see a maximum limit of +/- 7680 which is 4x the timeline width.
On a UHD timeline it's +/- 15360 which is again 4x the timeline width.
On an 8K DCI timeline (8192x4320) it's +/- 30720 which is 3.75x the timeline width.
Making a Custom resolution of 12288 x 6480 (that's 1.5 * 8K DCI) gives a maximum of +/- 46080 which is again 3.75x the timeline width.
But then when I tried making a Custom 16K DCI (16384x8460), Position X was limited to +/- 5120. I don't understand that one at all, but it seems similar to your finding of 32216 being limited to 6824.
I would say that the 1080p, UHD and 8K results feel more likely an (arbitrary?) limitation than a bug. But these results at 16K and yours do look a lot more like a bug than a specific limitation - I can't work out why a higher resolution would have a significantly lower min/max X adjustment.
Workaround: go into Fusion to do it? A composition directly on a clip will see the full native resolution of that clip, allowing you to Transform it however you want. Performance may be pretty bad though with a clip that large.