@Sven H, thanks for taking the time to put together the setup.
Finally, I have found the problem in my setup:
I use a fixed node tree on the Color page. The first node and my last 4 nodes are disabled by default, because they are only used in some specific cases, e.g. Noise Reduction.
On the Fusion page I have two media out nodes:
1. The original footage is directly connected to Media out 1.
2. Text and some lines are tracked and merged over a transparent Background node. The merge node blend property is animated with keyframes. The whole setup is connected to Media out 2.
On the Color page I have connected the first source node to the first active node.
The second source node is connected to the Gamut Mapping and also to the Alpha channel of the Gamut Mapping.
Everything is connected using a Layer Mixer node at the end (again connected to the active nodes).

- Fusion Setup.jpg (554.89 KiB) Viewed 1005 times

- Color Page.jpg (528.7 KiB) Viewed 1005 times
At least, it is solved for me.