If everything is fixed and the sphere rotates around its orbit in place, than perhaps it would be easier to build a sphere of the same size in 3D using one of the primitives in the Shape3D tool. Sphere obviously. and add tubes, which could be build using cylinder with low diameter and longer in lenght. You place them and match the virtual camera to your existing camera. Than you will have easy time putting the flashes on the end of tubes and animating flashes or whatever else you need. Its hard to say more without seeing the actual clip you are working with, but that might be easier than trying to track everything with obstacles, but than again, maybe its not, hard to say without seeing it.

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You could than add locator 3D node to each of the points where you want lights to be. Locator 3D can convert 3D space coordinates to 2D so you can, use it to apply 2D effect like a flash or glowing light or something to position in 2d which is driven by 3D locator data. its pretty easy to use. For lens flare etc
This is the basic idea of how it works.
Fusion 6 - Locator
So I would try to re-create rough sphere with sticks coming out of it, use locator 3D to get what you would try to track but in reverse. And than you can use that data as if you tracked those points to apply your effect and hide the sphere and all that from view. Which you only need to get position data.